Excessive Sweating: Causes, Treatment & When to Seek Help

Excessive sweating, medically known as hyperhidrosis, is a condition where the body produces more sweat than is required for normal temperature regulation. Unlike typical sweating caused by heat or exercise, hyperhidrosis can occur at rest, in cool environments, or without an obvious trigger.

It may affect areas such as the underarms, hands, feet, face, scalp, chest, or groin, and for many people, it can impact daily comfort, confidence, and quality of life. Hyperhidrosis is a recognised medical condition, and a range of management options may be discussed with a qualified health professional.

Causes of Excessive Sweating

Hyperhidrosis is generally classified into two main types: primary hyperhidrosis and secondary hyperhidrosis. Identifying the type is important when considering management options.

Primary Hyperhidrosis

Primary hyperhidrosis occurs without an identifiable underlying medical condition. It is thought to result from overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to excessive stimulation of sweat glands.

Key features:

• Usually begins in childhood or adolescence
• Often affects specific areas: Underarems (axillary hyperhidrosis) / Palms / Feet / Face or scalp
• May have a genetic component
• Episodes usually occur at least once per week
• Sweating can interfere with daily activities
• Does not usually occur during sleep

Secondary Hyperhidrosis

Secondary hyperhidrosis occurs as a result of an underlying medical condition, medication, or external factor. In these cases, addressing the underlying cause is an important part of management.

Common medical causes include:

• Thyroid disorders (overactive thyroid)
• Diabetes or low blood sugar
• Menopause and hormonal fluctuations
• Infections or fever
• Anxiety, stress, or panic attacks
• Heart or lung conditions

Medications that may cause sweating:

• Certain antidepressants
• Some pain medications
• Hormone therapies
• Certain diabetes medications

Environmental and lifestyle triggers:

• Hot or humid weather
• Spicy foods
• Caffeine
• Alcohol
• Intense physical activity

Sweating that affects large areas of the body, occurs during sleep, or begins suddenly in adulthood is more suggestive of secondary hyperhidrosis and should be medically assessed.

Symptoms and Signs of Excessive Sweating

You may be experiencing excessive sweating if:

• You sweat even in cool conditions
• Sweat soaks through clothing or drips from hands or face
• You avoid certain fabrics or colours due to visible sweating
• Sweating causes embarrassment or impacts social or work situations
• You experience skin irritation, odour, or recurrent infections due to moisture

These signs may indicate sweating beyond what is considered normal and may warrant discussion with a healthcare professional.

At-Home or Behavioural Treatment Options

At-home strategies include:

• Using clinical-strength antiperspirants
• Wearing lightweight, breathable fabrics such as cotton or bamboo
• Avoiding known triggers, including: spicy foods / alcohol / caffeine
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or mindfulness
• Wearing moisture-wicking socks and footwear
• Keeping a diary to identify personal triggers

These measures may help manage symptoms but may not be sufficient for people with primary hyperhidrosis.

Professional Treatments

For persistent or severe sweating, a healthcare professional may discuss medical management options.

Injections for excessive sweating

• Used in medical settings to temporarily reduce sweat gland activity
• Most commonly used for excessive underarm sweating
• Results are temporary and vary between individuals
• Effects typically last several months

Note: The suitability of this treatment depends on individual circumstances and requires a medical consultation.

Prescription medications

• Certain oral medications may be prescribed to help reduce generalised sweating.
• More commonly considered when multiple areas are affected.
• Potential side effects should be discussed with a prescribing doctor.

Iontophoresis

• Uses a mild electrical current applied through water
• Commonly used for palms and soles
• Requires multiple sessions, with results building gradually over time

LED light therapy or energy-based treatments

Some clinics offer non-invasive therapies that aim to support skin health or comfort. Evidence for sweat reduction varies, and suitability should be discussed with a qualified practitioner.

Why see a clinician?

A healthcare professional can:

1. Help determine whether sweating is primary or secondary
2. Assess for underlying medical conditions
3. Discuss appropriate, individualised management options
4. Ensure treatment decisions are safe and clinically appropriate

How Long Do Excessive Sweating Treatments Last?

• Anti-wrinkle injections: typically 4–9 months (varies by individual and treatment area)
• Iontophoresis: ongoing sessions required; effects develop gradually
• Prescription medication: requires ongoing use as prescribed
• Lifestyle adjustments: require consistent, long-term habits

Prevention Tips for Everyday Life

Daily strategies that may help reduce sweat build-up include:

1. Wearing loose, breathable clothing

2. Using absorbent underarm pads or moisture-wicking fabrics

3. Maintaining good hygiene and keeping skin dry

4. Limiting alcohol and caffeine where possible

5. Staying well hydrated

6. Avoiding heavy or occlusive makeup if facial sweating is an issue

Final Thoughts

Excessive sweating is a common and recognised medical condition. While it may be influenced by genetics, hormones, stress, or environmental factors, there are evidence-based options available to help manage symptoms.

If sweating affects your comfort or daily life, consider speaking with a qualified health professional for assessment and guidance.